Map Of Roman London


Londinium, also known as Roman London, was the capital of Roman Britain during most of the period of Roman rule. Most twenty-first century historians think that it was originally a settlement established shortly after the Claudian invasion of Britain, on the current site of the City of London around 47-50 AD, but some defend an older view that the city originated in a defensive enclosure. The map above shows what the Roman City of Londinium (modern day London) might have looked like around 200 AD. Londinium was founded around 43 AD and was located in what today is the City of London. The map above shows the London wall around Londinium, which is believed to have been completed sometime between 190 and 225AD. The City of London organizes tours of the remnants of a Roman bath and house located in the basement of an office building. The tours take place on Saturdays and Sundays, last 45 minutes and cost just £9/adult and £7/concession. Book the tours on their website. Tower Hill Roman Wall. London started its evolution with the Roman creation of Londinium and some of the main axes of the contemporary city, such as Oxford Street, are still with us. London was abandoned in 410AD and. The Museum of London is one of our favourite free museums - a special place that houses thousands of different artefacts from cultures around the world, but there is a piece of Roman history surrounding it Take a walk around the outside of the museum, and you will find the remnants of a 5km-long piece of wall that the Romans built to encircle Londinium - imaginatively called London Wall. These boots were made for Romans.

London's Roman Wall: A Self-Guided Walk - Living London History - London possesses one of the most important collections of Roman leatherwork in the Empire. Recently, a project was undertaken to catalogue and reinterpret around 750 objects in the Museum of London's collection of material, excavated from the 19th century to the 1970s. Around 90% of this material is footwear. The Brill is a supposed Roman camp close to King's Cross. The map was built with much reference to the Museum of London's wonderful map of Londinium, available in print or as part of the. Nevertheless, in 200AD, the wall was built and was one of the largest construction projects in Roman Britain. Over the medieval and Tudor periods, the wall was added to, maintained and enhanced. Below is a brilliant map from Layers of London of Tudor London showing the wall, its moat and gatehouses. I will use sections of this map throughout. Most Roman towns were sited either over previous towns, or over Roman forts. London was unusual in that it appears to have been founded from scratch. And it wasn't a quick foundation. The Roman invasion was in AD 43, but it was not until around AD 50 that the first coins indicate the foundation of the town of London. Londinium was founded by the Romans nearly 2000 years ago, shortly before AD Roman London was built on a 'green-field' site which is now occupied by the City of London and north Southwark. The early frontier town was an immediate success and was occupied for almost four centuries. For much of this time Londinium thrived, despite disasters that included destruction at the hands of.

London's Roman Roads. 25 February 2013 Ollie Historic. Here is part of a map, The Map of Roman Britain, Second Edition, published by the Ordnance Survey in 1931 and scanned by Bibliographics. The extract above shows the area taken roughly up by the modern Greater London conurbation, along with the surrounding area. 3 - Roman Amphitheatre. The Roman amphitheatre of Londinium is situated in a vaulted chamber beneath the Guildhall gallery complex. Discovered in 1998 during a planned expansion of the Guildhall, the remains are displayed in situ and are now a protected monument. London's first Roman amphitheatre was built in AD70, constructed of wood, but. 51; London Wall is a defensive wall first built by the Romans around the strategically important port town of Londinium in c. AD 200, [2] as well as the name of a modern street in the City of London, England. Roman London was, from around 120-150, protected by a large fort, with a large garrison, that stood to its. Some visitors to London might be surprised to hear that there is a Roman Wall and Roman ruins in London, but they do exist. Around the year 50, the Roman settlement of Londinium was established.

Roman Ruins In London: 11 Places To See Roman London

All Hallows on the Wall. At this point of our journey, the street called "London Wall" loosely follows the north edge of the old Roman wall. The street once ran alongside the defensive ditch on the outside of the wall, but the alignment was changed slightly during the street widening of 1957 to 1976. Roman Floor at All Hallows by the Tower church. Descend into the Crypt Museum of All Hallows by the Tower, one of the oldest churches in the City of London, and you'll find fragments of a Roman tessellated floor and plastered wall of a 2nd century domestic house. A small collection of other Roman artefacts and a model of the city shed more light on how everyday Romans lived, worked and. Tower of London - There is an old portion of a tower from the London Wall on the grounds of the Tower of London. Tower Hill Tube Station - At the east end of one platform, you can see a very small portion of the subterranean Wall, plus a plaque briefly explaining Roman London. One America Square - Now a commercial building, there are.

History of London - Roman London map - Britain Express - Canvas prints, framed prints and greeting cards by award-winning photographer David Ross, editor of . map of roman london, showing the major buildings and the location of modern sites. A map of roman london. Here is a bit of legal housekeeping. This page contains affiliate links. That means I receive a small commission (pittance) if you buy something from amazon using those links. These small commisions help to pay the costs associated with running this site so that it stays free. The Roman Fort of Londinium (City of London, England) was built north-west of the main population settlement around AD110-It covered 12 acres and was square in size, 200m along each length. The fort was built at around the same time as Hadrian's Wall, was three times the size and. Curious about the gates of London, which stood from Roman times through the late 18th Century? This post details the seven - or is it nine - gates of London. London Maps dating from 1572, 1690, 1795, 1848, and 1910 to illustrate the city's growth beyond the London Wall. Roads to Rome: Self-guided Walk PDF (3MB) Date submitted: 1/04/This walking trail explores Roman Londinium, taking in 13 sites along the way including some of the remains that are still visible today, and also provides the spark for you to imagine what the ancient settlement looked like. There are two ways you can follow this trail: half. They list the security details for French President Emmanuel Macron and 10 other world leaders, including a map of the main route for motorcades, the newspaper reports. There was indeed some confusion over Trojan settlers to London, he uses Geoffrey's work, whether Belinus's 'tower' was a separate structure as we have seen in the Commonplace Book map, as or (as Geoffrey probably intended) the original of the a source for the geography of the pre-Roman town. Tower of London itself (Tatlock 1950, 31. published on 26 April Download Full Size Image. Map of Roman Britain ca. 150 AD, showing the main Roman roads, cities, and Brythonic tribes. Roman Road is a road in East London, England, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets entirely on the B119 on the B roads network, and lies on the old Roman road in the Roman Empire called the Pye Road running from the capital of the Iceni at Venta Icenorum (near modern Norwich) to Londinium (modern City of London) and today hosts a street market.

The Remains of London's Roman Basilica and Forum - Historic UK - Beginning in Old Ford at its eastern end, it. Originally built in AD70 and then expended in AD90 - 120, London's Roman basilica was a building unlike any other in Britain. Occupying nearly 2 hectares of land and standing at a height of up to 3 storeys high, this building was larger than the present day St Paul's Cathedral!. The basilica acted a civic centre and housed city administrators, law courts, an assembly hall, the treasury. Media in category "Maps of Roman London" The following 20 files are in this category, out of 20 total. 013 - Part of Modern London, Showing the Ancient Wall (map). jpg 1,800 × 1,311; 993 KB. For well over a millennium the shape and size of London was defined by this Roman wall. The area within the wall is now "the City", London's famous financial district. Traces of the wall can still be seen in a few places in London. London continued its growth under the late Roman Empire, and at its peak, the population probably numbered about.

The Lost Rivers Of London

Lon­don has burned, "Lon­don is drown­ing," sang Joe Strum­mer. But Lon­don remains, a megac­i­ty of near­ly 9 mil­lion. In the video above, you can see the city's growth mapped over a peri­od of 2,000 years, from the Romans to the Sax­ons; from Tudor to Stu­art, ear­ly and late Geor­gian, ear­ly and late Vic­to­ri­an. All that remains is a Roman decorated floor. Bride's itself claims that the Roman floor was the foundation of one of the first Celtic Christian churches in Britain. Also known as the London Mithraeum, the Temple of Mithras was a place of worship for one of the empire's mystery religions. The author of this plan of Roman London, John Britton, was an antiquary and passionate advocate of the preservation of ancient monuments. The plan shows the Roman wall, gates, street plan and road network, with some prominent architectural and geographical features presented pictorially. By the end of the 1st century AD, Londinium had expanded rapidly and quickly became one of the largest cities in Roman Britannia, replacing Camulodunum (Colchester) as the provincial capital. The city was centred on modern-day Ludgate Hill to the west and the Tower of London to the East. The northern extent ran to Bishopsgate and Cipplegate. 24 Jul The Romans founded London as Londinium in 47 AD, later building a bridge over the River Thames and establishing the settlement as a port with roads leading to other outposts in Roman Britain. As the largest Roman city in Britannia, London remained under Rome's authority until 410 AD, a very substantial stretch of time. The Roman Temple of Mithras is a Roman temple in the center of London and it is completely free to visit.

MAPCO : London and Environs Maps and Views - It's one of Britain's most important archaeological sites, one of only a 100 Mithraic temples found from Ancient Rome The Christian-style pagan temple was discovered in 1954. In the 1980s, the Museum of London put together a self-guided walking route along the remaining viewpoints of the Roman London Wall. There were originally 21 plaques along a 2. 75mi) route; today there are only 11 plaques - and the route I walked clocked in at 3. Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions in Google Maps. Hingley's Londinium: a biography represents a major contribution to the archaeological synthesis of Roman London, which is one of the most extensively and intensively excavated cities in the Roman world. This book has long been needed, but, at the same time, it benefits enormously from the results of work published recently. The book presents a successful selection of structural, burial, and. A map of Roman roads in Roman Britain. Roman roads in Britannia were initially designed for military use, created by the Roman army during the nearly four centuries (AD 43-410) that Britannia was a province of the Roman Empire It is estimated that about 2,000 mi (3,200 km) of paved trunk roads (surfaced roads running between two towns or cities) were constructed and maintained throughout.

The Hidden History of Roman London - This engraved map of roman london was based on archaeological discoveries of the first half of the 19th Century. The map's title and scale bar feature at bottom right, with keys to sites of archaeological discoveries (coins, urns and vases in the City of London and in Southwark) in reference tables at top right and bottom left. Sadie Watson, the site director for MOLA, said: "We have entire streets of Roman London in front of us. " At 40ft (12m), the site is believed to be one of the deepest archaeological digs in London. For 1,500 years London was a walled city. Built originally by the Romans from about AD 200, the wall defined London's boundaries and proclaimed its status as the most important city in Roman Britain. It was renewed and extended during the medieval period to protect the city of London from attack and to control access. The map below shows the lost rivers of London that have now been built over. The Walbrook was a small river that ran through the heart of Roman and medieval London. It was covered over due to its tendency to flood and hinder development.

The Roman Wall On Tower Hill

In the days before CAD and GIS it was almost the only way of map and guide to getting an overview of how it all fitted together. Roman London, The map was largely based on Merrifield's 1965 map of roman london and used Dave (Museum of London Bentley's work on contours and hydrology to Archaeology, £6. 25) create a 3-D map of London. In 60 AD, the Iceni queen Boudica launched her massive revolt against the Romans. Her warriors first targeted nearby Camulodunum, massacring the defenders and torching the official capital. A slaughter of part of the Ninth Legion followed, before Boudica set her sights firmly on London. Massacre at Londinium, 60 AD. The Roman Wall On Tower Hill.

In Brief - Roman London - Tower Hill is one of the best places to see remnants from London's early history. A couple of weeks ago I featured the church of All Hallows by the Tower with the Saxon arch and Roman floor, this week it is the turn of the Roman Wall on Tower Hill. This is my father's photo from 1947 showing a length of Roman. Watling Street is a historic route in England that crosses the River Thames at London and which was used in Classical Antiquity, Late Antiquity, and throughout the Middle was used by the ancient Britons and paved as one of the main Roman roads in Britannia (Roman-governed Great Britain during the Roman Empire). The route linked Dover and London in the southeast, and continued northwest. The Romans ruled in Britain until AD 410, when thy left Britain and London. Evidence of Roman London today. There is still evidence of Roman London. Parts of the Roman wall can still be seen. Remains of the Roman fort with nineteenth-century walls built atop it . The wall enclosed an area of about 330 acres (130 ha) and had six gates. Londinium was a Roman settlement founded in AD 43 on the banks of the Thames River. The Roman settlement corresponds to the modern-day city of London.

Roman London - Woodlands Junior School - Initially established as a trading hub, it served as the capital of Roman Britain for over 350 years. Londinium was a prosperous city with a population of up to 60,000 people and was home to a. 11 Jun Under Claudius, Rome invaded Britain in 43AD/CE, and Roman London, or Londinium, was founded in c. 47-8, as evidenced by the scientific dating of timbers from a Roman drain uncovered during archaeological excavations at No. The city was sited in a strategic position. London was founded by the Romans at the point where they could easily construct a bridge over the River Thames. The earliest settlement lasted only a few years but thereafter grew into a major town and the capital of the Roman province of Britannia. The first Roman invasions of Britain were by Julius Caesar in. Address: Tower Hill, London, EC3N 4DJ. Immediately north of the Tower of London, right in the heart of Tower Hill, stands one of the most substantial and impressive surviving sections of the London Wall. Built around AD 200, the Roman wall not only provided defence and security to the citizens of London, but also represented the.

London Wall - The most spectacular Roman remains of all can be found in the basement of Guildhall Art Gallery. Historians had long conjectured that Londinium must have had some kind of sporting. Most of London's 1,800-year-old Roman city wall is long gone, but fragments still pop up here and there, if you know where to look. An excellent place to start is this wonderful new exhibition to. The Strand (Roman) One of the most well-known old streets in London, The Strand is the home of entertainment for Londoners and tourists alike. The Savoy, The Adelphi, and The Vaudeville theaters are all located along The Strand and there are copious amounts of upper-class restaurants and bars. The Strand's name was first recorded way back in. The Roman settlement of Londinium was established in about 48 AD by groups of merchants and traders, with the support of the military. By 60 AD, it was described by the Romanauthor Tacitus (Annals 14. 33) as a centre of commerce, evidenced by material culture from the near Continent and the south and east Mediterranean region. After the Boudican rebellion (60 AD), it was rebuilt and extended to. Maps of Roman roads in England.

Roman Wall In London In London, United Kingdom (Google Maps)

London was the capital of Roman Britain under the name of Londinium. The settlement was established on the modern day London around 43 AD. Its bridge over the Thames turned the city into an important port and the most powerful settlement of Roman Britain. The settlement was abandoned during the 5th century. Outside the Museum of London. On the Barbican Estate near Barbican Underground Station. Check out or map above for a route to walk the Roman wall. Amphitheatre - London Guildhall. The only Roman amphitheatre in Londoninium was unearthed in 1988 when London's Guildhall was excavating a site for their new art gallery. This resource features unique video explanations at locations around the City of London and of Roman objects used and found in London and a range of Roman images for you to use in your study of The Romans in London. This resource on Roman London is divided into 6 thematic 'lessons', each one having a mix of filmed explanations of surviving. A map of the major Romans roads of Britain.

12 Roman London Ruins You Can Visit - A map of the major Romans roads of Britain. Open full screen to view more. This map was created by a user. The The London Wall walk is a walk established by the Museum of London in The walk consists of 21 marker panels which not only provide a bit of history, but also the location of the next panel. Once you've had a good look at that, keep moving down Byward Street, Great Tower Street and Eastcheap. As you walk down the road remember to look left across St. Dunstan's Hill and St. Mary-at-Hill… because the Shard keeps popping up between the buildings. Turn right into Philpot Lane [see 2 on the map] It was at this point that I stopped for my first coffee break. Greater London, 8,173,London, city, capital of the United Kingdom. It is among the oldest of the world's great cities—its history spanning nearly two millennia—and one of the most cosmopolitan. By far Britain's largest metropolis, it is also the country's economic, transportation, and cultural center. Learn more about London.

Londinium: 10 Interesting Facts and Figures about Roman London - File:Map Londinium 400 . Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 598 × 599 pixels. Other resolutions: 240 × 240 pixels | 479 × 480 pixels | 766 × 768 pixels | 1,022 × 1,024 pixels | 2,044 × 2,048 pixels | 996 × 998 pixels. Original file ‎ (SVG file, nominally 996 × 998 pixels, file size: 742 KB) This is a file from the. The Roman conquest of Britain begins. Emperor Claudius (10 BCE-54 CE) orders the invasion of the British Isles, sending forces commanded by Aulus Plautius (15 BCE-57 CE). Explore notable historical maps of Roman Britain, stretching back to Tabula Peutingeriana (1265) Britannicarum Insularum Typus (1595) View all representations. The first Roman invasion of Britain was by Julius Caesar. At that time the south-east of England was occupied by various tribes that had arrived earlier from Continental Europe. London sits in the Thames Basin, a bowl of chalk about two hundred metres thick. This chalk layer was formed from tiny algal skeletons about ninety.

Londinium: A New Map And Guide To Roman London

By the end of the fourth century, Roman Britain had an estimated population of 3. 6 million people, of whom 125,000 consisted of the Roman army and their families and dependents. Many of Britain's major towns and cities we know today such as London (Londinium), Manchester (Mamucium) and York (Eboracum), were founded by the Romans. Before the London Wall was built around 200 CE, a London Fort had been built between 110 -120 CE. This is the area that you are walking around now. It was a square structure, roughly 200 metres down each side. When the Roman Wall was built around the settlement to the south east, the fort was incorporated into it. This is a map of Anglo-Saxon London between circa 500 CE and 1066 Image . Map of Roman Britain, 150 AD. Map of Roman Britain ca. 150 AD, showing the main Roman roads Image . The remains of the London Mithraeum, dramatically presented inside Image . Roman Rule in Britain c. Bairstow Eves Sales and Letting Agents Bow. Access self storage Cricklewood. Removals & Relocation Services. The Roman roads in Britain were, with Roman aqueducts, and the Roman army, [1] one of the most impressive features of the Roman Empire in Britain. In Britannia, [2] as in other provinces, the Romans constructed a network of paved trunk roads to (surfaced highways). In their nearly four centuries of occupation (43 - 410 AD) they built about. Describe your Roman London walk! Hazel: We show you the layout of the streets of London and how to follow the line taken by the Roman wall 2000 years ago. We visit the site of Roman baths in what. See and experience the reconstructed remains of the Temple of Mithras.

City of London Roman wall recognised as national monument - BBC - This is a faithful recreation of the ruin that was discovered in 1954 by renowned archaeologist Professor W. Grimes during the excavations carried out following the Blitz in The temple has been restored to capture the mystery and intrigue of the Roman cult of Mithras. 41°53′22″N 12°30′40″E. Aqua Claudia - Pictured are the remains of aqueducts Aqua Claudia and Aqua Anio Novus at Porta Maggiore in Rome, integrated into the Aurelian Wall as a gate in AD Rome, Italy. Along London Wall you want to head for the existing parts of the Roman Wall above ground, very close to the current Museum of London. In the map above, X number marks the pedestrian entrance. While X number marks the sloping entrance for cars. You can walk down that way but for safety I'd advise taking the steps. This is a new edition by our Fellow Peter Rowsome of the long out-of-print and out-of-date Ordnance Survey map of roman london, which many of us own, and that was last revised around 1983, thus, as Peter says, 'pre-dating many important discoveries and unforgivably omitted Roman Southwark entirely, only showing the area north of the Thames!. Explore our unique, historic map layers. Layers of London is a map-based history website developed by the Institute of Historical Research. Users can access free historic maps of London and contribute stories, memories and histories to create a social history resource about their area. Start exploring now!. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 598 × 599 pixels. Other resolutions: 240 × 240 pixels | 479 × 480 pixels | 766 × 768 pixels | 1,022 × 1,024 pixels | 2,044 × 2,048 pixels | 996 × 998 pixels. Roman wall recognised as national monument.

Roman Roads

Londinium, modern day London was the capital of Roman Britain during most of the period of Roman rule. It was originally a settlement established on the current site of the City of London around AD 47-It sat at a key crossing point over the River Thames which turned the city into a road nexus and major port, serving as a major commercial. A Carausius coin from Londinium mint A medal of Constantius I capturing London (inscribed as lon) in 296 after defeating Beaurains treasure Londinium was established as a civilian town by the Romans about four years after the invasion of 43 AD. London, like Rome, was founded on the point of the river where it was narrow enough to bridge and the strategic location of the city. London Walks for tourists, visitors and Londoners. Our self-guided walks, maps and attraction guides will ensure you make the most of your visit to London. LONDON WALKS Self-Guided Walking Tours Walk down narrow cobbled streets to discover 2000 years of architectural history from Roman remains through to the latest award winning and tallest. The road from Roman London towards Silchester has been noticed as far as the original Watling Street at the south end of Edgware Road . The map shows Roman roads in black derived from Ivan D Margarys' Roman Roads in Britain' published in (see above) These maps are plotted as accurately as is possible from the books. Four Roman roads fall wholly or partly within the area of the present volume: the main road from London to Exeter via Badbury Rings and Dorchester, the roads from Dorchester to Ilchester and Radipole (Weymouth), and the road from Hamworthy (Poole) to Badbury. Descriptions of the first two, except where they approach Dorchester (see Approach Roads, p. 539), are reserved for. Title: Plan of Roman London. Publisher: Cassell and Company, Limited.

The Development of Transport in London from Roman Times to Today - London, Paris and Melbourne. Source: Taken from "Old and New London. A Narrative of Its History, Its People, And Its Places. Illustrated with numerous Engravings from the most Authentic Sources. The City, Ancient And Modern", by Walter Thornbury. A map of Watling Street overlaid on the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica map of Roman Britain. Map by LlywelynII/Wikimedia Commons . It was one of the greatest roads in Britain in Roman and post-Roman times, running from Dover to London, and northwest via St. Albans (Verulamium) to Wroxeter. A thing from 2015 that I hadn't seen until recently: Londonist's Tube map of roman london. "Stations indicate sites of major Roman landmarks, such as gates in the wall, municipal buildings and temples. Nobody knows what the Romans called their creations, so we've used the modern names, like Ludgate and Bishopsgate, which are medieval in. Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions in Google Maps. Roman Britain, area of the island of Great Britain that was under Roman rule from the conquest of Claudius in 43 CE to the withdrawal of imperial authority by Honorius in 410 CE. Learn about the Roman system of roads and fortifications in Britain, Roman civil administration, and Romano-British art in this article. The Earliest known map of roman london. London was a port and from it Roman roads ran North East to Colchester and East to join the road to Silchester and Watling Street to Wales. The mouth of the River Fleet (our modern Fleet Street) was very marshy so this part of the road was built on wooden piles.

The Archaeology Of Greater London Online Map

The Status of Roman London. From the time of Augustus, a new or newly-organized Roman province was normally identified in a formal manner with the Imperial Name by the installation of emperor-worship at some appropriate centre within the pacified territory. Today's visualization, by Sasha Trubetskoy, has mashed-up two enduring obsessions - transit maps and Ancient Rome - to help us understand the connection between Rome and its sprawling empire. At the height of the Roman Empire, there were approximately 250,000 miles (400,000 km) of roads, stretching from Northern England to Egypt and beyond. Roman Remains in England. Aldborough Roman Site, Yorkshire. Once the capital of a Romanised tribe of native Britons, visitors today can still see two beautiful Roman mosaics as well as the remains of the town wall and a museum exploring the history of the town. Ambleside Roman Fort, Cumbria.

How London Got Its Name - Strangely, it takes a decidedly 20th-century cartographic motif to bring the importance of Rome's roads truly into focus. This map is modelled after the iconic London Underground diagram first. The Seven Gates of London were: Aldgate - leading to Colchester and Essex; Bishopsgate - leading to Shoreditch and up towards Cambridge along the old Ermine Street. ; Moorgate - Not an original Roman gate, it was more than likely a postern in Roman times only becoming a gate in The gate led to the Moorfields a marshy area north of the city. The Archaeology of Greater London online map. title: The Archaeology of Greater London online map. description: To Londoners the archaeology of the London region is of the utmost importance. It is often the only way in which we can reach back and touch the physical existence of lives that have shaped the way in which we think feel and live. The Roman Newport Arch in Lincoln. Ermine Street is a major Roman road in England that ran from London to Lincoln (Lindum Colonia) and York (). The Old English name was Earninga Strǣt (1012), named after a tribe called the Earningas, who inhabited a district later known as Armingford Hundred, around Arrington, Cambridgeshire, and Royston, Hertfordshire. A map showing the main Roman roads and towns of Devon. London (Opens in a new window) Glossary of Roman terms. Romans in Britain Bookstore. Add our Button link: Check out some great books and help the site! I have chosen these books as among the best to illustrate this subject. map of roman london- although not a historic artefact, this was one of my favourite items in the church. It is a 3D model of Roman London made in It is complete with the defensive perimeter wall, fort and the Walbrook river running through the middle. You can also see the forum/basilica where Leadenhall Market now stands. Roman occupation as shown on the map (which excludes the City of London and Westminster) indicates, first, east and west spreads from London (Londinium) consisting entirely of extramural burials.

London Bridge



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